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programming:python:tkinter

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programming:python:tkinter [2021/08/16 21:40] – [links] frankprogramming:python:tkinter [2023/06/08 17:06] (aktuell) – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1
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 +====== tkinter ======
 +===== links =====
  
 +Basics: https://likegeeks.com/python-gui-examples-tkinter-tutorial/
 +
 +Layout: https://zetcode.com/tkinter/layout/
 +
 +grid: https://blog.tecladocode.com/tkinters-grid-geometry-manager/
 +
 +Mixed layout: https://stackoverflow.com/a/38154650/15030988
 +
 +Radiobutton Gruppen:
 +https://riptutorial.com/tkinter/example/30286/create-a-group-of-radiobuttons
 +https://stackoverflow.com/a/47162318/15030988
 +
 +Buttons mit gemeinsamer click-Funktion: https://stackoverflow.com/a/6921225/15030988
 +
 +MessageBox: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.messagebox.html
 +
 +Neues Fenster: https://www.delftstack.com/de/howto/python-tkinter/how-to-create-a-new-window-with-a-button-in-tkinter/
 +===== Bildschirmgröße =====
 +
 +  * winfo_screenwidth()
 +  * winfo_screenheight()
 +
 +Fenster in Bildschirmmitte ausrichten: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gjU3Lx8XMS8
 +
 +  * X=(screenwidth-windowwidth)/2
 +  * Y=(screenheight-windowheight)/2
 +
 +die Position kann wie die Größe mit der geometry Methode gesetzt werden
 +
 +  root = Tk()
 +  root.geometry("300x200+300+300") #WxH+X+Y
 +
 +es kann auch nur die position verändert werden:
 +
 +  root.geometry("+10+10")
 +===== Fenster als Klasse =====
 +
 +<code python>
 +import tkinter as tk
 +
 +class App:
 +  def __init__(self, window):
 +    window.geometry('350x200')
 +    frame = tk.Frame(window)
 +    frame.pack()
 +    self.button = tk.Button(frame, 
 +                         text="QUIT", fg="red",
 +                         command=frame.quit)
 +    self.button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
 +    self.slogan = tk.Button(frame,
 +                         text="Hello",
 +                         command=self.write_slogan)
 +    self.slogan.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
 +  def write_slogan(self):
 +    print("Tkinter is easy to use!")
 +    
 +if __name__ == "__main__":
 +    root = tk.Tk()
 +    app = App(root)
 +    root.mainloop()
 +</code>
 +
 +alternativ kann man auch direkt von der tk.Tk-Klasse ableiten, somit muss das Fenster nicht extern erzeugt werden
 +
 +<code python>
 +class App(tk.Tk):
 +  def __init__(self):
 +    tk.Tk.__init__(self)
 +    self.geometry('350x200')
 +    frame = tk.Frame(self)
 +    ...
 +</code>
 +
 +Das sollte aber nur bei Anwendungen gemacht werden die nur 1 Fenster nutzen. Bei mehreren Fenstern sollte die Fenstererstellung außerhalb der Klasse und nur das Füllen des Fensters innerhalb ablaufen.
 +===== Texteingabe =====
 +
 +hier wird ein neuer Frame erzeugt um die Scrollbars an der Textbox auszurichten
 +
 +ggf. mainframe (Eltern-Element) und txt_frm.grid anpassen (ggf. pack o.ä.)
 +
 +<code python>
 +import tkinter as tk
 +
 +class scrolltext(tk.Frame):
 +    def __init__(self,parent,width,height):
 +        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, width=width, height=height)
 +        # ensure a consistent GUI size
 +        self.grid_propagate(False)
 +        # implement stretchability
 +        self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
 +        self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
 +        
 +        self.txt = tk.Text(self, borderwidth=3, relief="sunken")
 +        self.txt.config(undo=True, wrap='none')#word
 +        self.txt.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=2, pady=2)
 +        
 +        #create vertical scrollbar
 +        self.vscrollb = tk.Scrollbar(self, command=self.txt.yview)
 +        self.vscrollb.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nsew')
 +        self.txt['yscrollcommand'] = self.vscrollb.set
 +        
 +        #create horizontal scrollbar
 +        self.hscrollb = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='horizontal',command=self.txt.xview)
 +        self.hscrollb.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='nsew')
 +        self.txt['xscrollcommand'] = self.hscrollb.set
 +
 +    def focus(self):
 +        self.txt.focus()
 +    def getText(self):
 +        return self.txt.get("1.0", tk.END)
 +    def setText(self,text):
 +        self.txt.delete(1.0,"end")
 +        self.txt.insert(1.0, text)
 +
 +if __name__ == "__main__":
 +    def clicked():
 +        print(txt.getText().splitlines())
 +        txt.setText("this is a special text")
 +
 +    window = tk.Tk()
 +    window.geometry('350x200')
 +    window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
 +
 +    txt=scrolltext(window, width=250,height=200)
 +    txt.pack(side = tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=1)
 +
 +    btn = tk.Button(window, text="Click Me", command=clicked)
 +    btn.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
 +
 +    txt.focus()
 +
 +    window.mainloop()
 +</code>
 +
 +https://stackoverflow.com/a/9662139/15030988
 +
 +Beispiel mit yscrollcommand und zeilenweisem auslesen: https://stackoverflow.com/a/17747230/15030988
 +Horizontale scrollbar: https://stackoverflow.com/a/47954818/15030988
 +===== treeview =====
 +https://riptutorial.com/tkinter/example/31880/treeview--basic-example
 +
 +https://www.askpython.com/python-modules/tkinter/tkinter-treeview-widget
 +===== PanedWindow =====
 +
 +ein PanedWindow is ein Container für mindestens 2 Widgets mit einer verschiebbaren Begrenzung.
 +
 +<code python>
 +m1 = tk.PanedWindow(window) 
 +m1.pack(fill = tk.BOTH, expand = 1)
 +
 +button = tk.Button(m1,text="QUIT", fg="red")
 +m1.add(button, stretch="always") #always richtet automatisch aus, danach sind alle Felder gleich groß
 +    
 +button2 = tk.Button(m1,text="Hello")
 +m1.add(button2, stretch="always")
 +
 +#setzen des Schiebereglers (optional, falls always nicht richtig ist)
 +m1.update()
 +m1.sash_place(0,400,0) #x-position 400 des ersten Widgets
 +</code>
 +
 +https://stackoverflow.com/a/62032595/15030988
 +
 +https://stackoverflow.com/a/27389064/15030988
 +
 +===== Notebook =====
 +
 +<code python>
 +tc = ttk.Notebook(master)
 +t1 = ttk.Frame(tc)
 +t2 = ttk.Frame(tc)
 +tc.add(t1, text ='Notebook tab1')
 +tc.add(t2, text ='Notebook tab2')
 +tc.pack(expand = 1, fill ="both")
 +</code>
 +
 +https://www.educba.com/tkinter-notebook/
 +
 +
 +===== Beispiel-Gui =====
 +
 +<code python>
 +from tkinter import Tk, RIGHT, BOTH, RAISED,X,Y,IntVar,BooleanVar,StringVar
 +from tkinter import messagebox
 +from tkinter.ttk import Label, Frame, Button, Entry, Checkbutton,Radiobutton, Notebook, Treeview, Style
 +
 +class Example():
 +
 +    def __init__(self,window):
 +        self.window=window
 +        self.initUI(window)
 +
 +    def initUI(self,window):
 +        self.tc=Notebook(window)
 +        self.t1 = Frame(self.tc)
 +        self.t2 = Frame(self.tc)
 +        self.t3 = Frame(self.tc)
 +        self.tc.add(self.t1, text ='Tab1')
 +        self.tc.add(self.t2, text ='Tab2')
 +        self.tc.add(self.t3, text ='Tab3')
 +        self.tc.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
 +
 +        closeButton = Button(window, text="Close",command=window.destroy)
 +        closeButton.pack(side=RIGHT, padx=5, pady=5)
 +        okButton = Button(window, text="OK",command=lambda:messagebox.showinfo("OK pressed","Hello, you have successful pressed the OK-Button!\n\nEntry: %s CHK:%d RD:%s" % (self.e1.get(),self.chkvar1.get(),self.radvar1.get())))
 +        okButton.pack(side=RIGHT)
 +        mvButton = Button(window,text="move",command=lambda:window.geometry("+10+10"))
 +        mvButton.pack(side=RIGHT)
 +
 +        self.filltabs()
 +
 +    def filltabs(self):
 +        l1=Label(self.t1, text="Entry:")
 +        l1.grid(row=0,column=0)
 +        self.e1=Entry(self.t1)
 +        self.e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
 +        l2=Label(self.t1, text="Checkbutton:")
 +        l2.grid(row=1,column=0)
 +        self.chkvar1 = IntVar()
 +        self.chkvar1.set(1)
 +        c1=Checkbutton(self.t1, text='Choose', variable=self.chkvar1) #, onvalue=1,offvalue=0)
 +        c1.grid(row=1,column=1,sticky="W") #left justify
 +
 +        l3=Label(self.t2,text="Radiobuttons")
 +        l3.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky="N")
 +        rf=Frame(self.t2)
 +        rf.grid(row=0,column=1)
 +        self.radvar1=StringVar()
 +        r1=Radiobutton(rf, text="Python", variable=self.radvar1, value="python")
 +        r1.pack(anchor="w") #untereinander linksbündig
 +        r2=Radiobutton(rf, text="PHP", variable=self.radvar1, value="php")
 +        r2.pack(anchor="w")
 +
 +        self.tree1=Treeview(self.t3, columns=("Name", "Data")) # causes WIndow be bigger and hides buttonframe
 +        self.tree1.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
 +
 +        self.tree1.insert(parent='', index='end', iid=0, text="root", values=("First Col", "Second Col"))
 +        self.tree1.insert(parent=0, index='end', iid=1, text="child", values=("Hello", "Again"))
 +
 +def main():
 +
 +    root = Tk()
 +    root.geometry("400x300+300+300")
 +    root.title("testwindow")
 +    root.style = Style().theme_use("alt") # to show checkmarks in checkbutton and round radiobuttons
 +    app = Example(root)
 +    root.mainloop()
 +
 +
 +if __name__ == '__main__':
 +    main()
 +</code>
programming/python/tkinter.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2023/06/08 17:06 von 127.0.0.1