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--- en:linux:start [2022/10/14 17:20] – [udev] frank
+++ en:linux:start [2024/04/07 19:12] – [LVM] frank
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
   ps -o pid,args -C tcpdump
+===== ls =====
+full timestamps:
+  ls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"
+deactivate colors:
+  ls -l --color=none
+===== bashrc / alias =====
+  alias cp="rsync -av --partial --progress"
+  alias pynano="nano -ET4"
+  alias catconf='find . -type f -exec grep -Iq . {} \; -printf "\n\n%p:\n" -exec cat {} \;'
 ===== nano =====
@@ Line 120: / Line 135: @@
   sudo badblocks -nsv /dev/sdb
+http://www.das-werkstatt.com/forum/werkstatt/viewtopic.php?t=2346
 ====== NTP ======
   apt-get install ntp
+  #nano /etc/ntp.conf # need restart after change
+  service ntp status
+  #show state of servers
+  ntpq -p
+manual update:
   service ntp stop
   ntpdate ptbtime1.ptb.de
@@ Line 132: / Line 155: @@
   timedatectl set-timezone CET #timezone (CET/CEST)
   date -s "2020-10-29 19:14" #time
-  hwclock -w #set RTC setzen, else time will be wrong after next reboot
+  hwclock -w #set RTC if there is any, else time will be wrong after next reboot
 ====== update-alternatives ======
@@ Line 139: / Line 162: @@
   sudo update-alternatives --config arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
   arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --version
+  #to create update-alternatives in a loop you can use this
+  for i in $(ls /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-{9..12});do sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc $i 50;done
 other example
@@ Line 149: / Line 175: @@
   mv /home/frank/test{,.bak}
+====== gunzip ======
+on-the-fly decompress and write to disk
+  gunzip -c bpi-r3_sdmmc_bullseye.img.gz | sudo dd bs=1M status=progress conv=notrunc,fsync of=/dev/sdX
+====== tar ======
+  tar -xzf file.tar.gz --strip-components 1 -C DESTINATION
+====== sed ======
+extract text between patterns:
+https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38972736/how-to-print-lines-between-two-patterns-inclusive-or-exclusive-in-sed-awk-or
+example (extract frequencies from iw command):
+  iw list | sed -n '/Frequencies/,/Band\|Supported commands/{/Band\|Supported commands/!p;}'
 ====== irssi ======
@@ Line 218: / Line 262: @@
 SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="10c4", ATTRS{idProduct}=="ea60", ATTRS{serial}=="0001", SYMLINK+="tty_r2"
 </code>
+this udev rules i use for ftdi 4xuart adapter (FT4232H Quad RS232-HS)
+<code>
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6011", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM}=="00", SYMLINK+="ftdi_r2"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6011", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM}=="01", SYMLINK+="ftdi_r64"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6011", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM}=="02", SYMLINK+="ftdi_r3"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6011", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM}=="03", SYMLINK+="ftdi_r4"
+</code>
+easier way to get the main-properties of a device
+  udevadm info /dev/sdb1
 ====== sshd ======
 ===== qnap (entware) =====
@@ Line 254: / Line 310: @@
   fsck.mode=force
+===== smartctl / hdparm =====
+<code>
+smartctl -t short /dev/sdb
+smartctl -a /dev/sdb | grep -A1 "Self-test execution status"
+#Beispielausgabe:
+Self-test execution status:      ( 249)	Self-test routine in progress...
+% of test remaining.
+#oder:
+Self-test execution status:      ( 121)	The previous self-test completed having
+					the read element of the test failed.
+#warten bis fertig und bei Fehler:
+smartctl -a /dev/sdb | grep '^#'
+Beispielausgabe mit Fehler (long):
+# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%       267         1709921
+#sektor und angrenzende in Schleife versuchen neu zu schreiben
+for i in {1709920..1709930};do hdparm --yes-i-know-what-i-am-doing --repair-sector $i /dev/sdb;sleep 1;done
+</code>
+===== iostat =====
+  apt install sysstat
+Ausgabe:
+<code>$ iostat -m -p /dev/sdb
+Linux 5.15.0-56-generic (frank-G5) 	29.12.2022 	_x86_64_	(12 CPU)
+avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
+,19    0,01    0,74    2,58    0,00   94,48
+Device             tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_dscd/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn    MB_dscd
+sdb               5,80         0,00         0,67         0,00          3       9123          0
+sdb1              0,01         0,00         0,00         0,00          2          0          0
+</code>
 ===== rc.local =====
@@ Line 313: / Line 406: @@
 Solution using /etc/default/locale was not working for me
+===== LVM =====
+https://wiki.debian.org/LVM#Create_a_PV
+prepared initrd
+<code>
+  apt install initramfs-tools
+  kernelversion=$(uname -r)
+  echo $kernelversion
+  zcat /proc/config.gz > /boot/config-$kernelversion
+  less /boot/config-$kernelversion
+  update-initramfs -k $kernelversion -c
+</code>
+<code>
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~# apt install lvm2
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~# fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
+#changed type of partition 3 to lvm
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~# pvcreate /dev/nvme0n1p3
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~# vgcreate vg-nvme /dev/nvme0n1p3
+  Volume group "vg-nvme" successfully created
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~# vgdisplay
+  --- Volume group ---
+  VG Name               vg-nvme
+  System ID
+  Format                lvm2
+  Metadata Areas        1
+  Metadata Sequence No  1
+  VG Access             read/write
+  VG Status             resizable
+  MAX LV                0
+  Cur LV                0
+  Open LV               0
+  Max PV                0
+  Cur PV                1
+  Act PV                1
+  VG Size               80.74 GiB
+  PE Size               4.00 MiB
+  Total PE              20670
+  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
+  Free  PE / Size       20670 / 80.74 GiB
+  VG UUID               w22Wdx-Fhch-YNsA-roWh-Zq81-qv0R-d5fnvw
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~# lvcreate -n var -L 10g vg-nvme
+  Logical volume "var" created.
+root@bpi-r3-mini:~#
+</code>